There are three kinds of conjunction, but we are primarily concerned with the two main types, coordinating and subordinating.

Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses of equal value.
                and, but, for, or, nor, yet, so

Subordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses of unequal value
                a few examples of subordinating conjunctions:  because, if, after, while, during
                NOTE:  Subordinating conjunctions usually begin dependent (aka subordinate) clauses.
      ALSO NOTE:  Some subordinating conjunctions moonlight as prepositions.

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